However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. I was born in Upper State and I can barely understand some southern speakers.Do you think the politics in USA is also preventing the formation of new languages ? Grammar, on the other hand, is a different matter altogether. But I can tell you this. Mutual Intelligibility among the Slavic Languages by Robert Lindsay The mutual intelligibility (MI) of the languages of the Slavic family is an interesting topic because many are mutually intelligible to one degree or another. Russia) in Canada, and they barely can understand standard Ukrainian. Bratislava speakers say that Kosice speech sounds half Slovak and half Ukrainian and uses many odd and unfamiliar words. Was he from Belgrade or Novi Sad or Nis? "A New Methodology for Romance Classification". I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. Can you give me a figure for how much of a Bulgarian text you can understand? If I had to name a Slavic language worst for intelligibility, it would absolutely and positively have to be Bulgarian its phonetics are completely foreign (to the extent that sometimes in the back of my mind I think that it sounds barbarian and Turkish), as is its grammar (the vocabulary, however, is not, being probably 90% similar to Russian, making written Bulgarian pretty easy). In writing, however, Scots language looks similar to English (albeit with some spelling variations). Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. Torlakian (considered a subdialect of Serbian Old Shtokavian by some) has significant mutual intelligibility with Macedonian and Bulgarian. Although different writing systems are used, there are many similarities in the grammar used, such as Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian. Serbs can read both cyrillic and latin without any problem even if that two scripts are mixed in a word or sentence. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. I think Robert has done articles on 9/11 conspiracy theories and their level of crediblity, yeah. Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. This is a Chakavian-Slovenian transitional lect that is hard to categorize, but it is usually considered to be a Slovenian dialect. Zona Zamfirova is the movie in a Serbian dialect, but I dont understand it as same as I dont understand Macedonian or even more so, that is more like Bulgarian with the hard vowels. In the army, fairly precise understanding of the meaning of the commands is required and it worked, without any formal language training. And, as it was already sad, all Slovaks understand czeh better than czech slovaks thanks to hostory and politics. Maltese. However, Bulgarian-Russian written intelligibility is much higher. It is best seen as a Ukrainian dialect spoken in Russia specifically, it is markedly similar to the Poltavian dialect of Ukrainian spoken in Poltava in Central Ukraine. Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. Having lived in Moscow and being married to a Russian, I now speak Russian well enough to be mistaken for a Russian-speaking tourist from Poland or Lithuania when in Moscow. cheers These three languages have an 86% lexical similarity; that is, they share 86% of the same words. 5 (2): 135146. The syntax is though very very similar! In this case, too, however, while mutual intelligibility between speakers of the distant remnant languages may be greatly constrained, it is likely not at the zero level of completely unrelated languages. Northern Germanic languages spoken in Scandinavia form a dialect continuum where two furthermost dialects have almost no mutual intelligibility. Serbo-Croatian intelligibility of Slovenian is 25-30%. Kashubian itself is a macrolanguage made up of two different languages, South Kashubian and North Kashubian, as the two have difficult intelligibility. Young Czechs and Slovaks talk to each other a lot via the Internet. I can easily translate the first two sentences: Bulgarian is the oldest documented Slavic language. All Rights Reserved. Intelligibility in the Slavic languages of the Balkans is much exaggerated. Polish is not intelligible with Kashubian, a language related to Polish spoken in the north of Poland. It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. Bulgarian has 80% intelligibility of Macedonian, 41% of Russian, and 5% of Polish and Czech. Serbo-Croatian dialects in relation to Slovene, Macedonian, and Bulgarian: The non-standard vernacular dialects of Serbo-Croatian (i.e. Ukrainians seems closer to Slovak than Russian but some words in Russian are almost exactly the same in Slovak but in Ukranian they are completely different. [2] As a consequence, spoken mutual intelligibility is not reciprocal. The languages really split about 1,000 years ago, but written Slovak was based on written Czech, and there was a lot of interlingual communication. Or when I heard the word pobrzajte (hurry up (plural)) it was very interesting to me. Here are three critical ways in which Bulgarian and Russian speakers differ. Silesian, which can be heard in the southwest (sometimes also considered a separate language). Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. It depends which dialect. Western Slovak speakers say Eastern Slovak sounds idiotic and ridiculous, and some words are different, but other than that, they can basically understand it. I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. For true MI testing, we want virgin ears, and it has to be both ways. However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9 But other results that included Czech and Bulgarian were very poor. Likewise with Polish vs Czech, and Slovenian vs Standard Croatian (these pairs are the most commonly mistaken as mutually intelligible). Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). Page 183 section 481. Vedle hlavn, pouvan v Bulharsku, existuje jet makedonsk norma, kter tak (?) Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Polish, Ukrainian and even Serbo-Croatian dialects are less so, especially in the light of their geographical spread . 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. In this case, another criteria I would also consider is how hard or easy it is for a Serb to start understanding Macedonian. Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. I tested this on my wife by showing her news clips on Youtube. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . There are also some TV shows that show Czech and Slovak contestants untranslated (like in Sweden where Norwegian comics perform untranslated), and most people seem to understand these shows. by Christine Ro. I think the OP exagerated a bit. Many people know cases well but simply dont want to speak them correctly in conversation with someone who doesnt speak them correctly because that makes them feel like they want to judge other people who doesnt use cases correctly or that makes them more educated, even more smart, than someone who doesnt use it, and that makes both sides uncomfortable. Or as an English speaker, you might catch the gist of some Scots. Was he educated? Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. Serbo-Croatian has variable intelligibility of Macedonian, averaging ~55%, while Nis Serbians have ~90% intelligibility with Macedonian. Lesser Polish, which can be heard in the south and southeast. Regarding Polish and Russian there are many words with opposite meaning. I dont know about Macedonian (havent ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). Its predecessor stage is known in Western academia as Ruthenian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from what is referred to in modern linguistics as Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries). most speakers of one language find it relatively easy to achieve some degree of understanding in the related language(s). In other respects I am happy to say I manage to keep my identity clear of any overt nationalist definitions This is not necessarily correct in terms of vocabulary, but you will find a lot in common in the grammatical rules . Anti-Ethnic Sentiments The unintelligibility is only due to the manner of speaking and not because of lexical and/or grammatical differences. Its spelling, however, is quite different from any of them. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. The written languages differ much more than the spoken ones. 0%? Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. Mi povidamo Horvatski jazik means We speak croatian language in akavian. If I tell them few sentences (phrases) in Boyko dialect, then Russians wont be able to understand at all. Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. In fact, I cannot often identify any words at all. As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. Is Ukrainian closer to Russian or Polish? The main Turkologist I worked with on that chapter told me that he thought 90% was a good metric. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. Traditionally, dialects are regional variations of one main language. https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA The Russian language in the Ukraine has been declining recently mostly because since independence, the authorities have striven to make the new Ukrainian as far away from Russian as possible by adopting the Kharkiv Standard adopted in 1927 and jettisoning the 1932 Standard which brought Ukrainian more in line with Russian. We speak them too. Since the breakup, young Czechs and Slovaks understand each other worse since they have less contact with each other. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. There is a big problem with this. Do you speak Boyko or Hutsul? There are some words that we don't understand, but in general, these languages are much closer to each other than the pairs Russian-Ukrainian and Russian-Belarusian. There is . Hence the figures are averages taken from statements by native speakers of the languages in question. If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. Its grammar is close to that of Russian. Ni Torlak uses a definite suffix, -ta/-to/-ti/-te/-ta (fem.sg/neu.sg/masc.pl/fem.pl/neu.pl), but less frequently than Macedonian does, and only in the nominative; it doesnt have a distance contrast as it does in standard Macedonian but it isnt even present in Serbian to begin with An inherent pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a a speaker of Slavic lect A listening to a tape or video of a speaker of Slavic Lect A. This is the first time that this has been done using just . Russian has low intelligibility with Czech and Slovak, maybe 30%. In recent years, many of the German words are falling out of use and being replaced by Polish words, especially by young people. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. There are new scientific figures for Czech-Slovak, Czech-Serbo-Croatian and Czech-Bulgarian. pouv cyrilici, a bantsk norma, kter pouv latinku. But even they will know the literary norm of their own language which will ease up the communication. Burgenland Croatian, spoken in Austria, is intelligible to Croatian speakers in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, but it has poor intelligibility with the Croatian spoken in Croatia. Email me and give me your name please and I will use you in the paper. My guest from Ukraine will have to guess 6 animals that I'll describe to her in Polish. In addition, Balachka language associations believe it is a separate language. Ukrainian language, formerly called Ruthenian or Little Russian (now considered pejorative), Ukrainian Ukrans'ka mova, East Slavic language spoken in Ukraine and in Ukrainian communities in Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Lithuania, and Slovakia and by smaller numbers elsewhere. And when islanders respond back in akavian they are puzzled: What? I myself who have learned some Macedonian, pick up much more words from spoken Serbo-Croatian than spoken Bulgarian. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. However, another view is that Lach is indeed Lechitic, albeit with strong Czech influence. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. In contrast, Filipovi is talking slowly, and although some words have a different stress than in Czech, I can identify them pretty well and hence listening to this guy is basically like reading a written text in Serbo-Croatian. There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. It is difficult to get a high-paying job that requires skill and . Kids speak both languages, as well as English, fluently. Is Ukrainian mutually intelligible with Polish? I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. Complicating the picture is the fact that many Ukrainians are bilingual and speak Russian also. Im Czech . > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. Usually, they can even write their theses in Slovak. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. How is it possible if they speak the same language? All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. Pei Mario (1949). Languages can also be mutually intelligible only in spoken forms such as Polish and Ukrainian or only in written forms such as Icelandic and Faroese. To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. Also, the question is: -did this Serb speak other Slavic languages? It has also been described as a transitional dialect between Polish and Slovak. How to explain that? As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. It was formerly thought to be a Slovenian dialect, but some now think it is more properly a Kajkavian dialect. I think that this article is full of dubious numbers, but this is not necessarily the authors fault. Kajkavian was removed from public use after 1900, hence writing in the standard Kajkavian literary language was curtailed. A professor of Slavic Linguistics at a university in Bulgaria reviewed the paper and felt that the percentages were accurate. I always aske her about whether she understands Bulgarian and Serbian and she claims Serbian is way closer to her language rather than Bulgarian. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used.
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